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Hurricane Edith (1963)
Hurricane Edith brought flood and wind damage to portions of the Greater and Lesser Antilles. The fifth named storm and fifth hurricane of the annual season, Edith developed from an Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) disturbance while located east of the Windward Islands on September 23, 1963. Initially a tropical depression, it strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith on September 24. Only six hours later, Edith reached hurricane status. After becoming a Category 2 hurricane, it fluctuated slightly in intensity, weakening to a Category 2 hurricane before striking Saint Lucia on September 25. The storm tracked west-northwestward across the Caribbean Sea, but re-curved north-northwestward on September 26. Edith made landfall near La Romana, Dominican Republic early on the following day as a minimal hurricane. Interaction with land and an extratropical cyclone caused Edith to weaken to a tropical storm on September 28 and to a tropical depression by the next day. The storm dissipated just east of the Bahamas on September 29.
In Martinique, strong winds, heavy rainfall, and rough seas were reported. Ten deaths were confirmed on the island. Strong winds on Saint Lucia ruined about half of the island's banana crop. Damage reached slightly less than $3.47 million (1963 USD). Overall, Edith caused 10 deaths and $43 million in damage.
==Meteorological history==
The origins of Edith were first observed on September 22 when a tanker east of the Lesser Antilles reported winds of in the Intertropical Convergence Zone.〔 The next day satellite imagery indicated that a surface circulation had developed, suggesting that a tropical depression had formed 400 miles (645 km) east of Barbados.〔 Later on September 23 the hurricane hunters confirmed the development of a depression, at which time the Weather Bureau initiated advisories on the system.〔 Another flight on September 24 indicated that the depression had strengthened into Tropical Storm Edith and then into a hurricane shortly after.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1963/edith/preloc/sju1008a.gif )〕
On September 25, the hurricane passed over the island of St. Lucia and subsequently moved into the Caribbean Sea where it strengthened slightly to its peak of 100 mph (160 km/h).〔 Early the next morning, Edith moved towards Hispaniola and made landfall slightly west of La Romana, Dominican Republic.〔 Edith weakened hours after landfall due to an extratropical cyclone located near South Florida. The wave moved to the east-northeast while strengthening into a low with a pressure of , 600 miles away from Edith.〔 This occurred as Edith was nearing eastern Hispaniola. During this time, a broad surface low was forming in the Gulf of Mexico.〔 The extratropical cyclone weakened the pressure gradient in the Bahamas region significantly and as a result the easterly flow north of Edith was disrupted.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1963/edith/prenhc/draft5.gif )〕〔 This was the main reason for her weakening and eventual dissipation. The mountains of Hispaniola also contributed to Edith's demise and the flat pressure gradient north of Hispaniola prevented any redevelopment.〔 After landfall, Edith spent about eight hours on land and exited the northern coast of Hispaniola approximately at noon on September 26.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/storm_wallets/atlantic/atl1963/edith/preloc/sju1008b.gif )〕 Shortly after, Edith dissipated and the final advisory was issued at 5 pm on September 28.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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